The Shrinking Sea
A fact text about the Dead Sea: why its level is falling, how sinkholes form and what the possible solutions are.
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1The Dead Sea is one of the most unusual places on Earth. Its shore is the lowest point on dry land, more than four hundred metres below sea level, and its water is almost ten times saltier than the ocean. The water is so that swimmers float on the surface without any effort, and it is so salty that no fish can live in it, which is how the sea got its name. Since ancient times, visitors have come to its shores, and today tourists from all over the world cover themselves in its mineral-rich mud.
2Yet this lake is shrinking. Over the past several decades its water level has dropped by around a metre every year, and its surface area has become much smaller. Beaches and cafés that were once at the water's edge now stand far from it.
3The main cause is simple: far less water flows into the sea than leaves it. The Dead Sea has no ; the only way water leaves is by in the intense desert heat. In the past, the Jordan River brought large amounts of fresh water from the north, balancing what was lost. Today, however, most of that water is used for drinking and farming long before it reaches the sea. In addition, the mineral industry in the south pumps sea water into shallow ponds, where it evaporates and leaves behind valuable minerals such as potash, which is used in .
4The falling level has created a dangerous new problem: . As the sea retreats, fresh groundwater flows into areas where it used to meet salt water. This fresh water thick layers of salt hidden under the ground, leaving empty spaces. Eventually the surface above , sometimes without warning. Thousands of have appeared along the shores, swallowing parts of roads, fields and buildings, and some areas have had to be closed to the public.
5Saving the Dead Sea will not be easy. Over the years, engineers have bringing water from the Red Sea through a long canal or pipeline. Such projects, however, would be extremely expensive, and some scientists warn that mixing two very different kinds of water could change the Dead Sea's unique chemistry in ways that are hard to predict. Others argue that the best solution is to allow more water from the Jordan River to flow south again. Whatever is decided, experts agree that without action, this extraordinary place will continue to shrink.
📘 Glossary
- dense - thick and heavy; packed closely
- remarkable - unusual and worth noticing
- outlet - a way out for water
- evaporation - water turning into vapour in the air
- fertilisers - substances that help plants grow
- sinkholes - holes that suddenly open in the ground
- dissolves - mixes into a liquid and disappears
- collapses - falls down suddenly
- proposed - suggested
Questions
Finding details
1. According to paragraph 1, how did the Dead Sea get its name?Finding details
2. Give TWO facts from paragraph 1 that show the Dead Sea is unusual.Purpose and structure
3. Why does the writer mention beaches and cafés in paragraph 2?Word meaning
4. The phrase "has no outlet" in paragraph 3 means that…Finding details
5. Complete the sentence: Water can leave the Dead Sea only by ________.Finding details
6. Why does much less water from the Jordan River reach the Dead Sea today?Reference words
7. What does the word "it" in "where it evaporates" (paragraph 3) refer to?Word meaning
8. The word "retreats" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to…Finding details
9. Explain how sinkholes form. Complete: Fresh groundwater dissolves ________, leaving empty spaces, and then the surface above ________.Fact, opinion and stance
10. Why are some scientists worried about bringing water from the Red Sea?Purpose and structure
11. What is the main purpose of paragraph 5?
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